Gunung Leuser National Park, also known as TNGL, is one of Indonesia's Nature Conservation Areas, covering an area of 1,094,692 hectares and administratively located in the Aceh and North Sumatra provinces, Indonesia.The province of Aceh, which is delineated by GLNP, includes the districts of Subulussalam, South Aceh, Aceh Singkil, Central Aceh, Southeast Aceh, Gayo Lues, Bener Meriah, and Aceh Tamiang, while North Sumatra Province, which is delineated by GLNP, includes the districts of Dairi, Karo, and Langkat.
This national park takes its name from Mount Leuser, which towers at a height of 3404 meters above sea level in Aceh. This national park includes native ecosystems from the coast to high mountains covered by thick forests typical of tropical rain, managed by a zoning system that is used for research, science, education, cultivation, tourism and recreation purposes.
Gunung Leuser National Park has 3 (three) functions, namely:
- protection of life support systems;
- preservation of the diversity of plant and animal species and their ecosystems;
- sustainable use of living natural resources and their ecosystems.
Legally, the existence of Gunung Leuser National Park was formally stated in the Announcement of the Minister of Agriculture Number: 811/Kpts/Um/II/1980 dated March 6, 1980 regarding the inauguration of 5 (five) National Parks in Indonesia, namely; TN. Gunung Leuser, TN. Ujung Kulon, TN. Gede Pangrango, TN. Baluran, and TN. Komodo. Based on the announcement of the Minister of Agriculture, the area of the National Park was appointed. Gunung Leuser is 792,675 ha. The announcement from the Minister of Agriculture was followed up by a letter from the Directorate General of Forestry Number: 719/Dj/VII/1/80, dated March 7, 1980, which was addressed to the Gunung Leuser KPA Sub Office. The letter stated that the status of NP management authority was granted. Gunung Leuser to the Gunung Leuser KPA Sub Office.
The acceptance of the Sumatran Tropical Rainforest Heritage on the list of World Heritage Sites in 2004, made Gunung Leuser National Park also included on the list of World Heritage Sites by UNESCO, along with Kerinci Seblat National Park and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.
As a legal basis for the series of forest area gazettement processes, the Minister of Forestry Decree No. 276/Kpts-II/1997 on the Appointment of TN has been issued. Gunung Leuser covers an area of 1,094,692 hectares, and is located in the Special Region of Aceh and North Sumatra. The decision stated that TN. Gunung Leuser consists of a combination of:
- Gunung Leuser Wildlife Sanctuary: 416,500 hectares
- Kluet Wildlife Sanctuary : 20,000 hectares
- West Langkat Wildlife Sanctuary: 51,000 hectares
- South Langkat Wildlife Sanctuary: 82,985 hectares
- Sekundur Wildlife Sanctuary: 60,600 hectares
- Kappi Wildlife Sanctuary: 142,800 hectares
- Gurah Tourism Park: 9,200 hectares
- Protection Forest and Limited Production Forest : 292,707 hectares
According to the Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.03/Menhut-II/2007, currently the manager of GLNP is the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (DG PHKA) of the Ministry of Forestry, namely the Gunung Leuser National Park Center (BBTNGL) led by the Head of Balai Besar (echelon II level).
One of the famous Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions (ODTWA) in the TNGL area is the Sumatran Orangutan Observation Center - Bukit Lawang in the Bukit Lawang Nature Tourism Area - Bohorok, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra.
On the other hand, this national park has also received attention because of the rampant cases of illegal logging in several locations that violate environmental reservations.
Most of the GLNP area has a steep topography and a soil structure and texture that is prone to landslides. This was proven during the flash flood that destroyed the natural tourist area of Bukit Lawang several years ago. To further protect GLNP from more severe damage, an area called the Leuser Ecosystem Area was formed. This 2.6 million hectare area covers a flatter area around GLNP and functions as a buffer.
FAUNA
In this national park, there are 130 species of mammals, including the Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii), sarudung (Hylobates lar), siamang (Hylobates syndactilus), long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis), monkey (Macaca nemestriana) and kedih ( presbytis thomasi). Carnivorous animals include: clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), Sumatran tiger (Phantera tigris Sumatraensis). The herbivorous animals in this national park are the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus), the Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatraensis), and the sambar deer (Cervus unicolor).
It is estimated that there are about 89 rare and protected species in Gunung Leuser National Park, including:
- Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelii)
- The Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is an animal.
- The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is
- Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus)
- Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)
- The plank hornbill (Buceros bicornis)
- Ajag (Cuon Alpinus)
- Siamang (Hylobates syndactylus).
It is estimated that there are about 325 species of birds in Gunung Leuser National Park, including the rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros). The fauna of reptiles and amphibians is dominated by poisonous snakes and crocodiles (Crocodillus sp). Here there is a jungle fish (Tor sp), an endemic fish of the Alas River that can reach a length of 1 meter. There are also butterflies here.
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